What is one common method used in surface mining?

Open-pit mining is a common method used in surface mining due to its effectiveness in accessing mineral resources that are located near the surface. This technique involves the removal of large amounts of soil and rock overburden to reach the ore buried beneath. Open-pit mining is particularly advantageous because it allows for the extraction of materials in a more efficient and cost-effective manner compared to other methods.

The process typically involves digging a series of benches or steps into the earth, which makes it easier to manage the volume of material being extracted and minimizes the overall environmental impact when done responsibly. Furthermore, the open-pit design enables better visibility and access for equipment, which can enhance operational efficiency.

On the other hand, subsurface mining primarily focuses on extracting minerals that are located deeper underground and is generally not categorized as surface mining. Ridge mining and underground tunneling also relate to mining techniques that do not align with the definition of surface mining, as they focus on extracting resources below the surface rather than directly from it.